Waa maxay Application Programming Interface API

API (Application Programming Interface) waa hab isgaarsiineed oo u dhaxeeya laba ama in ka badan oo software ah, taas oo suurtogal ka dhigaysa in barnaamijyo kala duwan ay wada hadlaan iyagoo isku beddelanaya macluumaad ama adeegyo. API-ga wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sida buundada u dhexeysa codsadaha (client) iyo bixiyaha adeegga (server), isagoo qeexaya xeerar iyo borotokoollo ay labada dhinac isticmaalaan si ay si sax ah u wada hadlaan.

Qaab-dhismeedka API-ga:

1. Request (Codsi): Codsi waxaa laga soo diraa codsadaha (sida barnaamijkaaga ama bogga internetka) ilaa bixiyaha adeegga (server-ka). Codsiga wuxuu bixiyaa macluumaad sida URL, habka codsiga (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE), iyo xog (data) la rabo in la gudbiyo.
2. Response (Jawaab): Marka server-ka uu helo codsiga, wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa wuxuuna soo celinayaa jawaab. Jawaabta waxaa ku jiri kara xogta la codsaday, sida macluumaadka cimilada ama macluumaadka isticmaalaha, iyo waliba xogta ku saabsan sida codsiga loo farsameeyey (sida 200 OK oo tilmaameysa in codsiga uu guuleystay).
3. Endpoints: API-ga wuxuu leeyahay goobo la heli karo oo loo yaqaan “endpoints,” kuwaas oo ah URLs gaar ah oo bixiya adeegyo ama macluumaad gaar ah. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad rabto inaad hesho macluumaadka isticmaalaha, waxaad codsan kartaa /users/{id} halkaas oo {id} uu yahay aqoonsiga isticmaalaha.
4. Methods (Hababka): API-ga badanaa wuxuu isticmaalaa afar hab oo ugu muhiimsan:
5. Headers: Headers-ka waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daro macluumaad dheeraad ah oo la xiriira codsiga ama jawaabta, sida nooca xogta (JSON, XML), xogta aqoonsiga (authentication), iyo xadka waqtiga (rate limits).
6. Authentication: Si loo hubiyo in codsiga laga helayo il la isku haleyn karo, API-yada waxay isticmaalaan farsamooyin aqoonsi (authentication) sida API keys, OAuth, ama tokens. Tani waxay ka hortageysaa in adeegyada API-ga loo isticmaalo si aan habooneyn.

Faa’iidooyinka API:

1. Is-dhexgalka fudud: API-yadu waxay suurtogal ka dhigayaan in software-yada kala duwan ay si sahlan isugu xirmaan, iyaga oo u adeegsanaya borotokoollo qeexan oo cad.
2. Kobcinta Horumarinta: Waxay horumariyeyaasha ka caawisaa in ay si degdeg ah u horumariyaan barnaamijyadooda iyada oo aanay dib u bilaabin. Tusaale ahaan, halkii aad ka abuuri lahayd nidaam cimilada oo dhan, waxaad isticmaali kartaa API cimilada oo jira.
3. Kobcinta Awoodaha: Barnaamijyada waxay awoodaan in ay kordhiyaan shaqadooda iyaga oo adeegsanaya API-yada sida adeegyada lacag-bixinta, falanqaynta xogta, ama isgaarsiinta bulshada.
4. Kala-soocidda Wajiyada: API-gu wuxuu barnaamijyada u kala soocaa dhinacyo kala duwan, sida xogta backend-ka iyo isticmaale interface-ka (UI). Tani waxay fududeyneysaa in la horumariyo oo la tijaabiyo qaybaha kala duwan ee barnaamijka.

Noocyada API-yada:

1. Web APIs: Kuwani waa API-yada ugu caansan oo loo isticmaalo in lagu xiriiro server-yada internetka. Waxay isticmaalaan borotokoollo sida HTTP ama HTTPS. Tusaalooyinka waxaa ka mid ah REST API, GraphQL, iyo SOAP.
2. Operating System APIs: API-yadan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in barnaamijyada ay la falgalaan nidaamka qalliinka (OS) sida Windows API ama Android API. Tusaale ahaan, waxaad isticmaali kartaa API-ga Windows si aad u maamusho faylasha ama adeegyada nidaamka.
3. Library APIs: Waxaa lagu daraa kaydka software-ka sida saddexaad si ay barnaamijkaaga ugu darto hawlo gaar ah. Tusaale ahaan, API-yada la socda maktabadaha xisaabta (math libraries) oo kuu oggolaanaya inaad fuliso hawlo xisaabeed oo qoto dheer.
4. Hardware APIs: Waxay suurtogal ka dhigtaa in barnaamijyada ay ku xirmaan qalabka jidheed (hardware) sida API-yada loo isticmaalo in lagu hago daabacadaha (printers) ama kamaradaha (cameras).

Tusaalooyin Dhammeystiran oo API:

1. REST API (JSON Placeholder Example):

1. URL: https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts
2. Habka: GET
3. Sharaxaad: Codsi lagu soo ceshanayo qoraalada (posts) oo loo adeegsado JSON Placeholder API oo ah API tijaabo oo bilaash ah.

curl -X GET "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts"

Jawaabta:

[
  {
    "userId": 1,
    "id": 1,
    "title": "sunt aut facere repellat provident occaecati excepturi optio reprehenderit",
    "body": "quia et suscipit\nsuscipit...laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex"
  },
  ...
]

POST Codsi (Abuur Qoraal Cusub):

• URL: https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts
• Habka: POST
• Sharaxaad: Codsi lagu dirayo xogta qoraal cusub si loo abuuro.

curl -X POST "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"title":"My Post", "body":"This is my post body", "userId":1}'

Jawaabta:

{
  "title": "My Post",
  "body": "This is my post body",
  "userId": 1,
  "id": 101
}

Halkaan Waxaan idinku soo gudbinayaa tusaalooyin koobaan oo ku saabsan API

Google Maps API:

• Haddii aad rabto inaad ku darto khariidad Google Maps boggaaga, waxaad isticmaali kartaa Google Maps API si aad u soo bandhigto khariidadda oo aad u darto astaamo sida calaamado (markers), dariiqyada (routes), iyo meelaha (places).

<script src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?key=YOUR_API_KEY&callback=initMap" async defer></script>

<script>
  function initMap() {
    var location = {lat: -34.397, lng: 150.644};
    var map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map'), {
      zoom: 8,
      center: location
    });
    var marker = new google.maps.Marker({
      position: location,
      map: map
    });
  }
</script>

Weather API (OpenWeatherMap):

• API-kan wuxuu kuu oggolaanayaa inaad hesho macluumaadka cimilada ee magaalada ama goob gaar ah. Waxaad isticmaaleysaa codsi HTTP si aad u soo ceshato xogta cimilada.

fetch('https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q=London&appid=YOUR_API_KEY')
  .then(response => response.json())
  .then(data => console.log(data));

Faa’iidooyinka API:

• Waxay fududaysaa in barnaamijyada kala duwan isdhexgalaan oo wada shaqeeyaan.
• Waxay soo dedejisaa horumarinta barnaamijyada iyadoo la isticmaalayo adeegyo hore u diyaarsan.
• Waxay suurtagal ka dhigtaa in si fudud loo kordhiyo ama loo ballaariyo awoodaha barnaamijyadaada.

Gunaanad:

API-gu waa qalab muhiim ah oo qayb ka ah horumarinta barnaamijyada casriga ah. Iyadoo la adeegsanayo API, barnaamijyo kala duwan ayaa si sahlan iskugu xirmi kara, la wadaagi kara xogta, iyo inay isku fidiyaan shaqooyinka ay bixiyaan. Tani waxay si gaar ah faa’iido ugu leedahay horumariyeyaasha iyo shirkadaha, maadaama ay u oggolaanayso inay si dhakhso ah u horumariyaan, u tijaabiyaan, oo ay u daahfuraan barnaamijyo cusub oo leh astaamo badan iyo is-dhexgal wanaagsan.

Abdulkadir Uukow